To send a message and return immediately, use the SendMessageCallback or SendNotifyMessage function. To post a message to a thread's message queue and return immediately, use the PostMessage or PostThreadMessage function.

C# Signature:

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

Common C# Overloads:

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, StringBuilder lParam);
//If you use '[Out] StringBuilder', initialize the string builder with proper length first.

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lParam);
//Also can add 'ref' or 'out' ahead of 'String lParam', don't use CharSet.Auto since we use MarshalAs(..) in this
//example.

//Works for unicode. One can also use CharSet = CharSet.Unicode instead of [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessageW")]
static extern IntPtr SendMessageW(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string lParam);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern void SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, IntPtr wParam, ref RECT lParam);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, IntPtr wParam, ref POINT lParam);

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, Int32 wParam, Int32 lParam);

//If you want to prevent an (unreferenced) managed object from possibly being garbage collected
//during a call to SendMessage, you can wrap the handle in a HandleRef structure.
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)]
static extern IntPtr SendMessage(HandleRef hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

VB.NET Signature:

<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True, CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)> _
Private Shared Function SendMessage(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As UInteger, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As IntPtr
End Function

Common VB.NET Overloads:

<DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True, CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)> _
Private Shared Function SendMessage(ByVal hWnd As HandleRef, ByVal Msg As UInteger, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As String) As IntPtr
End Function

VB Signature:

Declare Auto Function SendMessage Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal msg As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As IntPtr

Common VB Overloads:

Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As Integer,
   ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByRef lParam As StringBuilder) As IntPtr

Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As Integer,
   ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByRef RECT As IntPtr) As IntPtr

Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As Integer,
   ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByRef POINT As IntPtr) As IntPtr

Notes:

1) Use IntPtr instead of UIntrPtr: The UIntPtr type is not CLS-compliant

2) NEVER use "int" or "integer" as lParam. Your code WILL crash on 64-bit windows. ONLY use IntPtr, a "ref" structure, or an "out" structure.

3) NEVER use "bool", "int", or "integer" as the return value. Your core WILL crash on 64-bit windows. ONLY use IntPtr. It's not safe to use bool - pInvoke cannot marshal an IntPtr to a boolean.

4) Use "IntPtr" as the return value, EVEN if the message says it doesn't return any useful information.

5) Microsoft defines the Msg member of the System.Windows.Forms.Message structure to be System.Int32[1]. At the same time the SendMessage native API defines message as type UINT[2], which is a 32-bit unsigned value.[3]

A listing of common Msg codes can be found here: http://www.vbcode.com/Asp/showsn.asp?theID=11797

6) You can safely type "hWnd" as an "IntPtr" instead of "HandleRef", if you are operating on a window handle provided by an unmanaged component or external application. However, using IntPtr with managed forms and controls is risky. It may cause your code to crash under race conditions - .NET can and will dispose your window handles out from under your message causing all sorts of nasty problems!

:::Question, for someone more knowledgable than me: Can't this last issue be addressed with marshaling, specifically pinning?

7) When passing integer values to lParam and wParam, use IntPtr as they get <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.SysInt)> attributes by default. You should avoid mixing IntPtr and Integer as parameter types. Use IntPtr.

8) The wParam and lParam paramters are defined as type WPARAM and LPARAM respectivly

   WPARAM is defined as UINT_PTR
   LPARAM is defined as LONG_PTR

LONG_PTR is "Signed long type for pointer precision." and is a signed 32-bit or signed 64-bit depending on the platform.

UINT_PTR is "Unsigned INT_PTR", and is unsigned 32-bit or unsigned 64-bit depending on the platform.

You could use IntPtr (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.intptr(VS.71).aspx) and UIntPtr (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.uintptr(VS.71).aspx) for the platform dependant types, but UIntPtr is not CLS-compliant.

Tips & Tricks:

1) As the number of messages are varied, just keep overloading the function as you need.

2) The return IntPtr of SendMessage might be IntPtr.Zero.

3) C# - SendMessage() to Turn the Screensaver On or Off :

    [DllImport("User32.DLL")]
    public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, Int32 wParam, Int32 lParam);

    public const Int32 WM_SYSCOMMAND = 0x112;
    public const Int32 SC_SCREENSAVE = 0xF140;

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // Start the screen saver.
        SendMessage(this.Handle, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_SCREENSAVE, 0);
    }

4) C# - SendMessage to Enable/Disable the "ApplyButton" in a PropSheet:

    uint PSM_CHANGED = (WM.USER + 104);
    uint PSM_UNCHANGED = (WM.USER + 109);

    SendMessage(GetParent(hWin32Dlg), (uint)PSM_CHANGED, hWin32Dlg, IntPtr.Zero);
    SendMessage(GetParent(hWin32Dlg), (uint)PSM_UNCHANGED, hWin32Dlg, IntPtr.Zero);

References

1. Message.Msg Property (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.message.msg.aspx)

2. SendMessage function (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms644950(VS.85).aspx)

3. Windows Data Types (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383751(VS.85).aspx)

Alternative Managed API:

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What about managed types marshaled to unmanaged ones? Will they cause memory leaks? Who is responsible of freeing the given unmanaged objects?

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