C# Signature:

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern uint SendInput(uint nInputs, INPUT [] pInputs, int cbSize);

VB.NET Signature:

Private Declare Function SendInput Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal cInputs As Integer, ByRef pInputs As INPUT, ByVal cbSize As Integer) As Integer

C# User-Defined Types:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct MOUSEINPUT
{
      int dx;
      int dy;
      uint mouseData;
      uint dwFlags;
      uint time;
      IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct KEYBDINPUT
{
    /*Virtual Key code.  Must be from 1-254.  If the dwFlags member specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE, wVk must be 0.*/
      ushort wVk;
    /*A hardware scan code for the key. If dwFlags specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE, wScan specifies a Unicode character which is to be sent to the foreground application.*/
      ushort wScan;
    /*Specifies various aspects of a keystroke.  See the KEYEVENTF_ constants for more information.*/
      uint dwFlags;
    /*The time stamp for the event, in milliseconds. If this parameter is zero, the system will provide its own time stamp.*/
      uint time;
    /*An additional value associated with the keystroke. Use the GetMessageExtraInfo function to obtain this information.*/
      IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct HARDWAREINPUT
{
      uint uMsg;
      ushort wParamL;
      ushort wParamH;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
struct INPUT
{
      [FieldOffset(0)]
      int type;
      [FieldOffset(sizeof(int))] //[FieldOffset(8)] for x64
      MOUSEINPUT mi;
      [FieldOffset(sizeof(int))] //[FieldOffset(8)] for x64
      KEYBDINPUT ki;
      [FieldOffset(sizeof(int))] //[FieldOffset(8)] for x64
      HARDWAREINPUT hi;
}

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr GetMessageExtraInfo();

VB.NET User-Defined Types:

<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)> _
    Private Structure INPUT
        <FieldOffset(0)> Dim dwType As Integer
        <FieldOffset(4)> Dim mouseInput As mouseInput
        <FieldOffset(4)> Dim keyboardInput As KEYBDINPUT
        <FieldOffset(4)> Dim hardwareInput As hardwareInput
    End Structure

        <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)> _
    Private Structure KEYBDINPUT
        <FieldOffset(0)> Public wVk As Short
        <FieldOffset(2)> Public wScan As Short
        <FieldOffset(4)> Public dwFlags As Integer
        <FieldOffset(8)> Public time As Integer
        <FieldOffset(12)> Public dwExtraInfo As IntPtr
    End Structure

        <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)> _
    Private Structure HARDWAREINPUT
        <FieldOffset(0)> Public uMsg As Integer
        <FieldOffset(4)> Public wParamL As Short
        <FieldOffset(6)> Public wParamH As Short
    End Structure

        <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)> _
    Private Structure MOUSEINPUT
        <FieldOffset(0)> Public dx As Integer
        <FieldOffset(4)> Public dy As Integer
        <FieldOffset(8)> Public mouseData As Integer
        <FieldOffset(12)> Public dwFlags As Integer
        <FieldOffset(16)> Public time As Integer
        <FieldOffset(20)> Public dwExtraInfo As IntPtr
    End Structure

Notes:

You'll need some constants to use this function. Here they are.

const int INPUT_MOUSE          = 0;
const int INPUT_KEYBOARD       = 1;
const int INPUT_HARDWARE       = 2;
const uint KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY   = 0x0001;
const uint KEYEVENTF_KEYUP     = 0x0002;
const uint KEYEVENTF_UNICODE       = 0x0004;
const uint KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE      = 0x0008;
const uint XBUTTON1        = 0x0001;
const uint XBUTTON2        = 0x0002;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE    = 0x0001;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN    = 0x0002;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP      = 0x0004;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN   = 0x0008;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP     = 0x0010;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN  = 0x0020;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP    = 0x0040;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_XDOWN       = 0x0080;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_XUP     = 0x0100;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_WHEEL       = 0x0800;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_VIRTUALDESK = 0x4000;
const uint MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE    = 0x8000;

*******************

(This code posted by Anh Phuong (http://360.yahoo.com/naphuonghic))

Code VB here:

Const INPUT_MOUSE As Integer = 0

Const INPUT_KEYBOARD As Integer = 1

Const INPUT_HARDWARE As Integer = 2

********************

Here are the VB.Net constants: (D|a|n|n|y funkyard_dog@yahoo.com)

    Const INPUT_MOUSE As UInt32 = 0
    Const INPUT_KEYBOARD As Integer = 1
    Const INPUT_HARDWARE As Integer = 2
    Const KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY As UInt32 = &H1
    Const KEYEVENTF_KEYUP As UInt32 = &H2
    Const KEYEVENTF_UNICODE As UInt32 = &H4
    Const KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE As UInt32 = &H8
    Const XBUTTON1 As UInt32 = &H1
    Const XBUTTON2 As UInt32 = &H2
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE As UInt32 = &H1
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN As UInt32 = &H2
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP As UInt32 = &H4
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN As UInt32 = &H8
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP As UInt32 = &H10
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN As UInt32 = &H20
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP As UInt32 = &H40
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_XDOWN As UInt32 = &H80
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_XUP As UInt32 = &H100
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_WHEEL As UInt32 = &H800
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_VIRTUALDESK As UInt32 = &H4000
    Const MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE As UInt32 = &H8000

Tips & Tricks:

windows CE universal core virtual key code compact chart http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa926323.aspx

SendInput API http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646310.aspx

Use FindWindow and SetFocus to direct input to the desired window.

Note

Sleep may be required to assure Window is ready for input:

  RUN('NOTEPAD.EXE')
  Sleep(2000,0)
  SetFocus(FindWindow('Untitled - Notepad'))

Sample Code:

// It might be better to write this code as a single call to SendInput passing
// all the key downs and keys ups in one array.  If you do this, SendInput
// guarantees that no other keys get inbetween the whole sequence.  As is stands,
// a "real" key transition could in theory sneak in the middle - and if it did
// it would inherit the states of shift, control, etc this program had set up.

class Test
{
    public enum VK : ushort
    {
    SHIFT        = 0x10,
    CONTROL          = 0x11,
    MENU         = 0x12,
    ESCAPE           = 0x1B,
    BACK         = 0x08,
    TAB          = 0x09,
    RETURN           = 0x0D,
    PRIOR        = 0x21,
    NEXT         = 0x22,
    END          = 0x23,
    HOME         = 0x24,
    LEFT         = 0x25,
    UP           = 0x26,
    RIGHT        = 0x27,
    DOWN         = 0x28,
    SELECT           = 0x29,
    PRINT        = 0x2A,
    EXECUTE          = 0x2B,
    SNAPSHOT         = 0x2C,
    INSERT           = 0x2D,
    DELETE           = 0x2E,
    HELP         = 0x2F,
    NUMPAD0          = 0x60,
    NUMPAD1          = 0x61,
    NUMPAD2          = 0x62,
    NUMPAD3          = 0x63,
    NUMPAD4          = 0x64,
    NUMPAD5          = 0x65,
    NUMPAD6          = 0x66,
    NUMPAD7          = 0x67,
    NUMPAD8          = 0x68,
    NUMPAD9          = 0x69,
    MULTIPLY         = 0x6A,
    ADD          = 0x6B,
    SEPARATOR        = 0x6C,
    SUBTRACT         = 0x6D,
    DECIMAL          = 0x6E,
    DIVIDE           = 0x6F,
    F1           = 0x70,
    F2           = 0x71,
    F3           = 0x72,
    F4           = 0x73,
    F5           = 0x74,
    F6           = 0x75,
    F7           = 0x76,
    F8           = 0x77,
    F9           = 0x78,
    F10          = 0x79,
    F11          = 0x7A,
    F12          = 0x7B,
    OEM_1        = 0xBA,   // ',:' for US
    OEM_PLUS         = 0xBB,   // '+' any country
    OEM_COMMA        = 0xBC,   // ',' any country
    OEM_MINUS        = 0xBD,   // '-' any country
    OEM_PERIOD       = 0xBE,   // '.' any country
    OEM_2        = 0xBF,   // '/?' for US
    OEM_3        = 0xC0,   // '`~' for US
    MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK     = 0xB0,
    MEDIA_PREV_TRACK     = 0xB1,
    MEDIA_STOP           = 0xB2,
    MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE     = 0xB3,
    LWIN       =0x5B,
    RWIN       =0x5C
    }

    public struct KEYBDINPUT
    {
    public ushort wVk;
    public ushort wScan;
    public uint dwFlags;
    public long time;
    public uint dwExtraInfo;
    };
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit,Size=28)]
    public struct INPUT
    {
    public uint type;
    public KEYBDINPUT ki;
    };

    void Test()
    {
    INPUT structInput;
    structInput = new INPUT();
    structInput.type = Win32Consts.INPUT_KEYBOARD;

    // Key down shift, ctrl, and/or alt
    structInput.ki.wScan = 0;
    structInput.ki.time = 0;
    structInput.ki.dwFlags = 0;
    structInput.ki.dwExtraInfo = Win32.GetMessageExtraInfo();
    if (Shift)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.SHIFT;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Ctrl)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.CONTROL;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Alt)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.MENU;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Win)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.LWIN;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    // Key down the actual key-code
    structInput.ki.wVk = vk;
    intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    // Key up the actual key-code
    structInput.ki.dwFlags = Win32Consts.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
    intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    // Key up shift, ctrl, and/or alt
    if (Shift)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.SHIFT;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Ctrl)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.CONTROL;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Alt)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.MENU;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    if (Win)
    {
        structInput.ki.wVk = (ushort)VK.LWIN;
        intReturn = Win32.SendInput(1, ref structInput, (UInt32)sizeof(INPUT));
    }
    }
}

VB.NET Sample Code:

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Class Form1

     Private tb As New TextBox
     Private WithEvents but1 As New Button

     Sub New()
     InitializeComponent()
     tb = New TextBox : tb.Location = New Point(10, 10)
     but1 = New Button : but1.Location = New Point(10, 40)
     but1.Text = "example"
     Me.Controls.Add(but1) : Me.Controls.Add(tb)
     End Sub

     Private Sub DoMouse(ByVal flags As NativeMethods.MOUSEEVENTF, ByVal newPoint As Point)
     Dim input As New NativeMethods.INPUT
     Dim mi As New NativeMethods.MOUSEINPUT
     input.dwType = NativeMethods.InputType.Mouse
     input.mi = mi
     input.mi.dwExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero
     ' mouse co-ords: top left is (0,0), bottom right is (65535, 65535)
     ' convert screen co-ord to mouse co-ords...
     input.mi.dx = newPoint.X * (65535 / Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width)
     input.mi.dy = newPoint.Y * (65535 / Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height)
     input.mi.time = 0
     input.mi.mouseData = 0  ' can be used for WHEEL event see msdn
     input.mi.dwFlags = flags
     Dim cbSize As Integer = Marshal.SizeOf(GetType(NativeMethods.INPUT))
     Dim result As Integer = NativeMethods.SendInput(1, input, cbSize)
     If result = 0 Then Debug.WriteLine(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error)
     End Sub

     Private Sub DoKeyBoard(ByVal flags As NativeMethods.KEYEVENTF, ByVal key As Keys)
     Dim input As New NativeMethods.INPUT
     Dim ki As New NativeMethods.KEYBDINPUT
     input.dwType = NativeMethods.InputType.Keyboard
     input.ki = ki
     input.ki.wVk = Convert.ToInt16(key)
     input.ki.wScan = 0
     input.ki.time = 0
     input.ki.dwFlags = flags
     input.ki.dwExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero
     Dim cbSize As Integer = Marshal.SizeOf(GetType(NativeMethods.INPUT))
     Dim result As Integer = NativeMethods.SendInput(1, input, cbSize)
     If result = 0 Then Debug.WriteLine(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error)
     End Sub

     Private Sub but1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles but1.Click
     'move to the textbox, click it to focus, keydown some chars...
     ' get textbox location in screen co-ords
     Dim tbLocation As Point = Me.PointToScreen(Me.tb.Location)
     ' nudge it into the tb
     tbLocation.X += 5
     tbLocation.Y += 5
     ' move to the TB. it is a MOVE event, and we use ABSOLUTE co-ordinates
     DoMouse(NativeMethods.MOUSEEVENTF.MOVE Or NativeMethods.MOUSEEVENTF.ABSOLUTE, tbLocation)
     ' click the TB
     DoMouse(NativeMethods.MOUSEEVENTF.LEFTDOWN, New Point(0, 0))
     ' release the mouse
     DoMouse(NativeMethods.MOUSEEVENTF.LEFTUP, New Point(0, 0))
     ' the key codes are virtual keycodes (see mdsn)
     ' I'm using a shortcut to save space - casting chars to ints
     ' if you want to change case, you need to send a shift key with the letter...
     ' sbq: I found the routine VkKeyScanA very helpful converting from
     '      characters to virtual key codes.  Look it up in the MSDN.  I declared it
     '      as shown below.  It returns the key code in the low byte and the additional
     '      keys to be pressed while transmitting in the upper byte (e.g., shift, ctrl, alt):
     '
     '      Private Declare Function VkKeyScanA Lib "user32" Alias "VkKeyScanA" (ByVal cChar_Renamed As Byte) As Short
     '
     Dim message As String = "HELLO WORLD"
     For Each c As Char In message
         Dim key As UInteger = Convert.ToInt16(c)
         DoKeyBoard(0, key)  ' key down is 0 - no flag...
         DoKeyBoard(NativeMethods.KEYEVENTF.KEYUP, key)
     Next
     DoKeyBoard(0, Keys.Decimal) ' example using keys enum which I think matches the VKEY values
     DoKeyBoard(NativeMethods.KEYEVENTF.KEYUP, Keys.Decimal)
     End Sub

End Class

Public Class NativeMethods

    <DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Friend Shared Function SendInput(ByVal cInputs As Int32, ByRef pInputs As INPUT, ByVal cbSize As Int32) As Int32
    End Function

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, pack:=1, Size:=28)> _
    Friend Structure INPUT
    <FieldOffset(0)> Public dwType As InputType
    <FieldOffset(4)> Public mi As MOUSEINPUT
    <FieldOffset(4)> Public ki As KEYBDINPUT
    <FieldOffset(4)> Public hi As HARDWAREINPUT
    End Structure

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, pack:=1)> _
    Friend Structure MOUSEINPUT
    Public dx As Int32
    Public dy As Int32
    Public mouseData As Int32
    Public dwFlags As MOUSEEVENTF
    Public time As Int32
    Public dwExtraInfo As IntPtr
    End Structure

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, pack:=1)> _
    Friend Structure KEYBDINPUT
    Public wVk As Int16
    Public wScan As Int16
    Public dwFlags As KEYEVENTF
    Public time As Int32
    Public dwExtraInfo As IntPtr
    End Structure

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, pack:=1)> _
    Friend Structure HARDWAREINPUT
    Public uMsg As Int32
    Public wParamL As Int16
    Public wParamH As Int16
    End Structure

    Friend Enum InputType As Integer
    Mouse = 0
    Keyboard = 1
    Hardware = 2
    End Enum

    <Flags()> _
    Friend Enum MOUSEEVENTF As Integer
    MOVE = &H1
    LEFTDOWN = &H2
    LEFTUP = &H4
    RIGHTDOWN = &H8
    RIGHTUP = &H10
    MIDDLEDOWN = &H20
    MIDDLEUP = &H40
    XDOWN = &H80
    XUP = &H100
    VIRTUALDESK = &H400
    WHEEL = &H800
    ABSOLUTE = &H8000
    End Enum

    <Flags()> _
    Friend Enum KEYEVENTF As Integer
    EXTENDEDKEY = 1
    KEYUP = 2
    [UNICODE] = 4
    SCANCODE = 8
    End Enum
End Class

* the above code does not work as it's trying to convert key into int16. When you want to send a Control plus some key sequence it generates an exception at that. Control translates to 131072***

Alternative Managed API:

Here is a managed solution: I think it works only in 2.0. Someone please verify.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/cpref/html/frlrfSystemWindowsFormsSendKeysClassTopic.asp

Please note that there is an unresolved issue using the SendKeys class in Windows Vista RC1 (Build 5536).

More specifically you may encounter a "Hook cannot be created." exception.

Note

The "Hook" issue mentioned above seems to have been corrected with Windows Vista RC2 (Build 5744).

Please also note that there is an unresolved issue using the SendKeys class if ie7 is the target app.

More specifically, extra characters may be added to the input stream.

I was able to send keystrokes (or half keystrokes, i.e. KeyDown - followed sometime later by a KeyUp - for control purposes), sending them one at a time. I was unable to get an array of inputs to be accepted. (The additional keys I was trying to add were Shift, Ctrl, and Alt - so maybe that has some bearing.)

Do you know one? Please contribute it!

I found that using SendKeys to send {TAB} works OK but +{TAB} (i.e. shift-tab) doesn't; IE7 executes a forward-tab in both cases. Using the above routines, the following successfully does a shift-tab in IE7:

DoKeyBoard(0, Keys.ShiftKey)
DoKeyBoard(0, Keys.Tab)
DoKeyBoard(NativeMethods.KEYEVENTF.KEYUP, Keys.Tab)
DoKeyBoard(NativeMethods.KEYEVENTF.KEYUP, Keys.ShiftKey)

IE7 Problem: It could be that IE7, when it examines the keystroke, looks at the current state of the keyboard (.e.g. GetAsyncKeyState) instead of looking at the flags that are sent with the keystroke data. I would try placing a small delay in-between the press of TAB and the release of SHIFT. If IE7 (or any other application) is mishandling modifier keys, that may help. -- JRT.

Documentation

SendInput on MSDN

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