C# Signature:

[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges(IntPtr TokenHandle,
   [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]bool DisableAllPrivileges,
   ref TOKEN_PRIVILEGES NewState,
   UInt32 BufferLength,
   ref TOKEN_PRIVILEGES PreviousState,
   IntPtr ReturnLength);

VB Signature:

<DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Private Function AdjustTokenPrivileges( _
    ByVal TokenHandle As IntPtr, _
    ByVal DisableAllPrivileges As Boolean, _
    ByRef NewState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
    ByVal BufferLength As Integer, _
    ByRef PreviousState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
    ByRef ReturnLength As IntPtr _
  ) As Boolean
End Function

(alternate/older style)

Declare Function AdjustTokenPrivileges Lib "advapi32.dll" (
    ByVal TokenHandle As IntPtr, _
    ByVal DisableAllPrivileges As Boolean, _
    ByRef NewState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
    ByVal BufferLength As Integer, _
    ByRef PreviousState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
    ByRef ReturnLength As IntPtr _
) As Boolean

User-Defined Types:

TOKEN_PRIVILEGES

...and you may also need

LUID

LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES

Notes:

None.

Tips & Tricks:

C#

    If SetLastError is set to true, get the error with this.
        int lastError = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
        Console.Error.WriteLine("NativeErr: " + lastError);
    Then use Error lookup tool for troubleshooting it can be downloaded from MS, ''Err.exe'' I think...

C# Sample Code:

  //This snippet is tested on WinXP and Vista, only needed in Vista when using SetTimeZoneInformation
  Public Class AdjPriv()
  {

    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges(IntPtr htok, bool disall,
    ref TokPriv1Luid newst, int len, IntPtr prev, IntPtr relen);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", ExactSpelling = true)]
    internal static extern IntPtr GetCurrentProcess();

    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool OpenProcessToken(IntPtr h, int acc, ref IntPtr
    phtok);

    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool LookupPrivilegeValue(string host, string name,
    ref long pluid);

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
    internal struct TokPriv1Luid
    {
        public int Count;
        public long Luid;
        public int Attr;
    }

    internal const int SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x00000002;
    internal const int TOKEN_QUERY = 0x00000008;
    internal const int TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x00000020;
    internal const string SE_TIME_ZONE_NAMETEXT = "SeTimeZonePrivilege"; //http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb530716(VS.85).aspx

    private bool SetPriv()
    {
        try
        {
        bool retVal;
        TokPriv1Luid tp;
        IntPtr hproc = GetCurrentProcess();
        IntPtr htok = IntPtr.Zero;
        retVal = OpenProcessToken(hproc, TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, ref htok);
        tp.Count = 1;
        tp.Luid = 0;
        tp.Attr = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
        retVal = LookupPrivilegeValue(null, SE_TIME_ZONE_NAMETEXT, ref tp.Luid);
        retVal = AdjustTokenPrivileges(htok, false, ref tp, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
        return retVal;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
        throw;
        return false;
        }

    }
  }

VB.Net Sample Code:

    'This routine enables the Shutdown privilege for the current process,
    'which is necessary if you want to call ExitWindowsEx.

    Const TOKEN_QUERY As Integer = &H8
    Const TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES As Integer = &H20
    Const SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME As String = "SeShutdownPrivilege"

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
    Private Structure LUID
        Public LowPart As UInt32
        Public HighPart As UInt32
    End Structure

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
    Private Structure LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
        Public Luid As LUID
        Public Attributes As UInt32
    End Structure

    <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
    Private Structure TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
        Public PrivilegeCount As UInt32
        <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst:=ANYSIZE_ARRAY)> _
        Public Privileges() As LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
    End Structure

    <DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Private Function LookupPrivilegeValue( _
     ByVal lpSystemName As String, _
     ByVal lpName As String, _
     ByRef lpLuid As LUID _
      ) As Boolean
    End Function

    <DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Private Function OpenProcessToken( _
     ByVal ProcessHandle As IntPtr, _
     ByVal DesiredAccess As Integer, _
     ByRef TokenHandle As IntPtr _
      ) As Boolean
    End Function

    <DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Private Function CloseHandle(ByVal hHandle As IntPtr) As Boolean
    End Function

    <DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Private Function AdjustTokenPrivileges( _
       ByVal TokenHandle As IntPtr, _
       ByVal DisableAllPrivileges As Boolean, _
       ByRef NewState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
       ByVal BufferLength As Integer, _
       ByRef PreviousState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, _
       ByRef ReturnLength As IntPtr _
     ) As Boolean
    End Function

    Public Sub AcquireShutdownPrivilege()

        Const SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME As String = "SeShutdownPrivilege"

        Dim lastWin32Error As Integer = 0

        'Get the LUID that corresponds to the Shutdown privilege, if it exists.
        Dim luid_Shutdown As LUID
        If Not LookupPrivilegeValue(Nothing, SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME, luid_Shutdown) Then
            lastWin32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()
            Throw New System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(lastWin32Error, _
             "LookupPrivilegeValue failed with error " & lastWin32Error.ToString & ".")
        End If

        'Get the current process's token.
        Dim hProc As IntPtr = Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle
        Dim hToken As IntPtr
        If Not OpenProcessToken(hProc, TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES Or TOKEN_QUERY, hToken) Then
            lastWin32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()
            Throw New System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(lastWin32Error, _
             "OpenProcessToken failed with error " & lastWin32Error.ToString & ".")
        End If

        Try

            'Set up a LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES structure containing the Shutdown privilege, marked as enabled.
            Dim luaAttr As New LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
            luaAttr.Luid = luid_Shutdown
            luaAttr.Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED

            'Set up a TOKEN_PRIVILEGES structure containing only the shutdown privilege.
            Dim newState As New TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
            newState.PrivilegeCount = 1
            newState.Privileges = New LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES() {luaAttr}

            'Set up a TOKEN_PRIVILEGES structure for the returned (modified) privileges.
            Dim prevState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES = New TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
            ReDim prevState.Privileges(CInt(newState.PrivilegeCount))

            'Apply the TOKEN_PRIVILEGES structure to the current process's token.
            Dim returnLength As IntPtr
            If Not AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, False, newState, Marshal.SizeOf(prevState), prevState, returnLength) Then
                lastWin32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()
                Throw New System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(lastWin32Error, _
                 "AdjustTokenPrivileges failed with error " & lastWin32Error.ToString & ".")
            End If

        Finally
            CloseHandle(hToken)
        End Try

    End Sub

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