private static extern int QuickUsbFindModules(StringBuilder nameList, int bufferLength);

public static extern bool GetDefaultPrinter(StringBuilder pszBuffer, ref int pcchBuffer);

(ByVal pszBuffer As System.Text.StringBuilder, ByRef pcchBuffer As Int32) As Boolean

    StringBuilder pszBuffer = new StringBuilder(pcchBuffer);

    static extern bool GetPrinterDriverDirectory(StringBuilder pName,

                              StringBuilder pEnv,

                              [Out] StringBuilder outPath,

        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(1024);

    static extern bool GetPrinterDriverDirectory(StringBuilder pName,

                              StringBuilder pEnv,

                              [Out] StringBuilder outPath,

        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(1024);

    static extern bool GetPrinterDriverDirectory(StringBuilder pName,

                              StringBuilder pEnv,

                              [Out] StringBuilder outPath,

        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();

static extern bool GetPrintProcessorDirectory(StringBuilder pName, StringBuilder pEnv, int Level, [Out] StringBuilder outPath, int bufferSize,

    static extern bool GetPrintProcessorDirectory(StringBuilder pName,

                          StringBuilder pEnv,

                          [Out] StringBuilder outPath,

    StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();

        StringBuilder strSid = new StringBuilder();

                           <[In](), Out(), [Optional]()> ByVal lpCommandLine As StringBuilder, _

Use StringBuilder for lpCommandLine parameter for unicode version of this function.

    StringBuilder pszProvName,

    StringBuilder pszProvName,

    StringBuilder pszProvName,

    StringBuilder pszName;

        pszName = new StringBuilder(cbName);

         System.Text.StringBuilder pszProvName,

         System.Text.StringBuilder pszTypeName,

     $pszTypeName = New-Object Text.StringBuilder

     $pszProvName = New-Object Text.Stringbuilder

    System.Text.StringBuilder pszTypeName,

    StringBuilder pszProvName,

StringBuilder providerName = new StringBuilder(255);

   [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] StringBuilder pbData,

    StringBuilder _buffer = new StringBuilder();

    StringBuilder _account = new StringBuilder(_bufferSize);

    StringBuilder _domain = new StringBuilder(_bufferSize);

   Dim sb As New StringBuilder

   Dim sb As New StringBuilder

static extern bool GetUserName(System.Text.StringBuilder sb, ref Int32 length);

Public Function GetUserName(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTSTR)>sb As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

        static extern bool GetUserName(StringBuilder lpBuffer, ref int nSize);    

            StringBuilder Buffer = new StringBuilder(64);

        Public Function GetUserName(<MarshalAs(UnamagedType.LPTSTR)>System.Text.StringBuilder sb, _

            Dim Buffer = new StringBuilder(64)

public static extern bool GetUserName(System.Text.StringBuilder sb, ref Int32 length);

$str = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder -ArgumentList $size

        StringBuilder ReferencedDomainName,

        StringBuilder referencedDomainName = new StringBuilder();

    StringBuilder ReferencedDomainName,

Private Shared Function LookupAccountName(lpSystemName As String, lpAccountName As String, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)> Sid As Byte(), ByRef cbSid As UInteger, ReferencedDomainName As StringBuilder, ByRef cchReferencedDomainName As UInteger, peUse As SID_NAME_USE) As Boolean

            StringBuilder ReferencedDomainName,

            StringBuilder referencedDomainName = new StringBuilder();

    Dim refDomainName As New StringBuilder

    System.Text.StringBuilder lpName,

    System.Text.StringBuilder ReferencedDomainName,

      StringBuilder lpName,

      StringBuilder ReferencedDomainName,

      StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();

      StringBuilder referencedDomainName = new StringBuilder();

    System.Text.StringBuilder displayName,  // out

This is one of those "call twice" functions, so this error is just daily life. When it returns with this error, the byte count (cbDisplayName) will be set to what you need. Call EnsureCapacity on your StringBuilder and go round again.

   System.Text.StringBuilder lpName,

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

    //StringBuilder and size for the domain name

    StringBuilder aDomainName = new StringBuilder();

    aDomainName = new StringBuilder( aNameSize );

    public static extern IntPtr pcap_lookupdev( StringBuilder errbuf );

    public static extern IntPtr pcap_lookupdev( StringBuilder errbuf );

    StringBuilder lpName,

   ByVal lpName As StringBuilder, _

   Dim sb As New StringBuilder(MAX_REG_KEYNAME_SIZE + 1)

      StringBuilder lpValueName,

   ByVal lpValueName As StringBuilder, _

   Dim sb As New StringBuilder(MAX_REG_KEYNAME_SIZE + 1)

      StringBuilder keyBuffer = new StringBuilder((int)size);

      StringBuilder keyBuffer = new StringBuilder((int)size);

    System.Text.StringBuilder lpData,

    ByVal lpData As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

Dim KeyValue As System.Text.StringBuilder

    KeyValue = New System.Text.StringBuilder(KeyValueLength)

    System.Text.StringBuilder pvData = new System.Text.StringBuilder(1024);

      StringBuilder keyBuffer = new StringBuilder();

    System.Text.StringBuilder lpData,

    ByVal lpData As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

Dim KeyValue As System.Text.StringBuilder

    KeyValue = New System.Text.StringBuilder(KeyValueLength)

    System.Text.StringBuilder pvData = new System.Text.StringBuilder(1024);

      StringBuilder keyBuffer = new StringBuilder();

            StringBuilder Buffer,

         ByVal Buffer As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

Use of StringBuilder to create a variable to obtain the Manufacturer string instead of using MarshalAs. This approach is cleaner and doesn't require defining a Struct.

StringBuilder manufacturerString = new StringBuilder(128);

public extern static Int32 GetCurrentThemeName(StringBuilder stringThemeName, int lengthThemeName, StringBuilder stringColorName, int lengthColorName, StringBuilder stringSizeName, int lengthSizeName);

Declare Unicode Function GetCurrentThemeName Lib "uxtheme" (ByVal stringThemeName As StringBuilder, ByVal lengthThemeName As Integer, ByVal stringColorName As StringBuilder, ByVal lengthColorName As Integer, ByVal stringSizeName As StringBuilder, ByVal lengthSizeName As Integer) As Int32

Originally the signature had the 3 StringBuilder parameters as out params, but that did not work. Once that was removed it worked.

When creating the StringBuilder variable, an initial size must be set otherwise an unmanaged exception is thrown

    StringBuilder stringThemeName = new StringBuilder(260);

    StringBuilder stringColorName = new StringBuilder(260);

    StringBuilder stringSizeName = new StringBuilder(260);

    StringBuilder sbFilename = new sbFilename(0x200);

public extern static Int32 GetThemeDocumentationProperty(String stringThemeName, String stringPropertyName, out StringBuilder stringValue, int lengthValue);

Public Shared Function GetThemeDocumentationProperty(stringThemeName As [String], stringPropertyName As [String], ByRef stringValue As StringBuilder, lengthValue As Integer) As Int32

public extern static Int32 GetThemeFilename(IntPtr hTheme, int iPartId, int iStateId, int iPropId, StringBuilder themeFileName, int themeFileNameLength);

public extern static Int32 GetThemeString(IntPtr hTheme, int iPartId, int iStateId, int iPropId, out StringBuilder themeString, int themeStringLength);

Public Shared Function GetThemeString(hTheme As IntPtr, iPartId As Integer, iStateId As Integer, iPropId As Integer, ByRef themeString As StringBuilder, themeStringLength As Integer) As Int32

public extern static Int32 GetThemeSysString(IntPtr hTheme, int iStringId, out StringBuilder stringSys, int stringSysLength);

Public Shared Function GetThemeSysString(hTheme As IntPtr, iStringId As Integer, ByRef stringSys As StringBuilder, stringSysLength As Integer) As Int32

static extern int GetUName(UInt16 wCharCode, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder lpbuf);

Declare Function GetUName Lib "getuname.dll" (ByVal wCharCode As UShort, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)> ByVal lpbuf As StringBuilder) As Integer

     Private Declare Function GetUName Lib "getuname.dll" (ByVal wCharCode As UShort, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)> ByVal lpbuf As System.Text.StringBuilder) As Integer

     Dim buff As New StringBuilder(1024)

static extern bool WinHttpQueryHeaders(int lngHttpRequest, int lngInfoLevel, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pwszHeaderName, StringBuilder buffer, ref int lngBufferLength, ref long lngIndex);

            IntPtr lpOptional, //referred to as a buffer...maybe should be a stringbuilder or string?

static extern UInt32 CertGetNameString(IntPtr CertContext, UInt32 lType, UInt32 lFlags, IntPtr pTypeParameter, System.Text.StringBuilder str, UInt32 cch);

        StringBuilder Buffer = new StringBuilder(255);

    private static extern uint _certNameToStr(uint dwCertEncodingType, IntPtr pName, uint dwStrType, StringBuilder psz, uint csz);

        StringBuilder psz = null;

            psz = new StringBuilder((int)ret);

        StringBuilder ppszError);

    Public Shared Function CertStrToName(dwCertEncodingType As UInteger, pszX500 As String, dwStrType As UInteger, pvReserved As IntPtr, pbEncoded As Byte(), ByRef pcbEncoded As UInteger, ppszError As StringBuilder) As Boolean

    StringBuilder szDataDescr,

     ByVal szDataDescr As StringBuilder, _

static extern UInt32 PdhLookupPerfNameByIndex(string szMachineName, uint dwNameIndex, StringBuilder szNameBuffer, ref uint pcchNameBufferSize);

StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(1024);

     [Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pwszOut,

   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(size);

static extern uint AssocQueryString(AssocF flags, AssocStr str, string pszAssoc, string pszExtra, [Out] StringBuilder pszOut, ref uint pcchOut);

Private Shared Function AssocQueryString(ByVal flags As UInteger, ByVal str As UInteger, ByVal pszAssoc As String, ByVal pszExtra As String, ByVal pszOut As Text.StringBuilder, ByRef pcchOut As UInteger) As UInteger

  var sb = new StringBuilder((int)length); //(length-1) will probably work too as null termination is added

static extern IntPtr PathAddBackslash([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]System.Text.StringBuilder lpszPath);

Public Function PathAddBackslash(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>lpszPath As System.Text.StringBuilder) As IntPtr

static extern bool PathAppend([In, Out] StringBuilder pszPath, string pszMore);

Public Function PathAppend(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>pszPath As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

static extern string PathBuildRoot([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]szRoot As System.Text.StringBuilder,

Public Function PathBuildRoot(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>szRoot As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

    public static extern bool PathCanonicalize([Out] StringBuilder dst, string src);

static extern string PathCombine([Out] StringBuilder lpszDest, string lpszDir, string lpszFile);

Declare Unicode Function PathCombine Lib "shlwapi.dll" Alias "PathCombineW" (<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> PathOut As System.Text.StringBuilder, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> PathIn As String, <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> More As String) As IntPtr

    static extern string PathCombine([Out] StringBuilder lpszDest, string lpszDir, string lpszFile);

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    [Out] StringBuilder pszPath

StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(MAX_PATH);

static extern bool PathCompactPathEx([Out] StringBuilder pszOut, string szPath, int cchMax, int dwFlags);

                      <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> pszOut As System.Text.StringBuilder,

        static extern bool PathCompactPathEx([Out] StringBuilder pszOut, string szPath, int cchMax, int dwFlags);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(wantedLength + 1);

        Dim sb As New Text.StringBuilder(MAX_WIDTH + 1)

static extern bool PathCompactPathEx([Out] StringBuilder pszOut, string szPath, int cchMax, int dwFlags);

                      <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> pszOut As System.Text.StringBuilder,

        static extern bool PathCompactPathEx([Out] StringBuilder pszOut, string szPath, int cchMax, int dwFlags);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(wantedLength + 1);

        Dim sb As New Text.StringBuilder(MAX_WIDTH + 1)

static extern int PathCreateFromUrl([In]string url, [Out] StringBuilder path, [In,Out]ref uint pathLength, [In]uint reserved);

     ByVal path As System.Text.StringBuilder, _

      Dim sb As System.Text.StringBuilder

      sb = New System.Text.StringBuilder(INTERNET_MAX_URL_LENGTH)

static extern bool PathFindOnPath([In, Out] StringBuilder pszFile, [In] String [] ppszOtherDirs);

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("somefile.dll", MAX_PATH);

static extern System.Text.StringBuilder PathGetArgs([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]string pszPath);

Public Function PathGetArgs(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>pszPath As String) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)> System.Text.StringBuilder

Dim args As New System.Text.StringBuilder(255)

static extern bool PathQuoteSpaces([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]System.Text.StringBuilder lpsz);

Public Function PathQuoteSpaces(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>lpsz As System.Text.StringBuilder) As <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean

     [Out] StringBuilder pszPath,

     ByVal pszPath As StringBuilder, _

    ByVal pszPath As StringBuilder, _

StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(MAX_PATH);

static extern void PathRemoveArgs([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]System.Text.StringBuilder lpszPath);

Public sub PathRemoveArgs(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)>lpszPath As System.Text.StringBuilder)